Broccoli rabe, also known as rapini or broccoli raab, is a leafy green vegetable that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. It is closely related to turnips, kale, and cabbage. Broccoli rabe is characterised by its long, slender stalks, small broccoli-like florets, and dark green, serrated leaves. The vegetable has a slightly bitter and earthy flavour, often described as a blend of mustard greens and broccoli, with a hint of nutty undertones.

Broccoli rabe is highly nutritious, offering a rich source of vitamins A, C, and K, as well as folate, calcium, and iron. It is also packed with antioxidants and dietary fibre, making it a healthful addition to any diet. The vegetable is typically available in cooler months and is a staple in Mediterranean cuisine, especially in Italian dishes.

Culinary uses of broccoli rabe are diverse; it can be sautéed, steamed, roasted, or blanched. It pairs well with garlic, lemon, olive oil, and red pepper flakes, and is often incorporated into pasta dishes, stir-fries, and as a side vegetable. Despite its slightly bitter taste, when cooked properly, broccoli rabe becomes tender and flavourful, adding a delightful complexity to various recipes.

How To Grow

Growing broccoli rabe (rapini) is relatively straightforward and can be quite rewarding. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you cultivate this nutritious vegetable:

1. Choosing the Right Location Sunlight: Broccoli rabe thrives in full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Soil: Opt for well-draining soil rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5.

2. Planting Time Cool Weather: Broccoli rabe is a cool-weather crop. Plant it in early spring for a spring harvest or in late summer for a fall harvest. Temperature: The ideal growing temperature is between 55°F and 75°F (13°C to 24°C).

3. Sowing Seeds Direct Sowing: Broccoli rabe seeds can be sown directly into the garden. Planting Depth: Sow seeds about 1/4 inch deep. Spacing: Space seeds 4 to 6 inches apart in rows that are 18 to 24 inches apart. Germination: Seeds typically germinate within 7 to 10 days.

4. Watering Consistent Moisture: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water regularly, especially during dry periods. Mulching: Apply mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

5. Fertilising Nutrient Needs: Broccoli rabe benefits from a balanced fertiliser or compost added to the soil before planting. Feeding: Side-dress with compost or a balanced fertiliser during the growing season if necessary.

6. Thinning and Transplanting Thinning: Thin seedlings to about 6 inches apart when they are 2 to 3 inches tall to ensure proper growth. Transplanting: If started indoors, transplant seedlings when they have two sets of true leaves and the soil has warmed up sufficiently.

7. Pests and Diseases Common Pests: Watch out for flea beetles, aphids, and cabbage worms. Use row covers or organic pest controls as needed. Disease Prevention: Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal diseases. Crop rotation can help reduce the risk of soil-borne diseases.

How/When To Harvesting

Harvesting broccoli rabe (rapini) at the right time ensures the best flavour and tenderness. Here’s how to do it:

Timing Maturity: Broccoli rabe is typically ready for harvest 40 to 60 days after planting. Size: The best time to harvest is when the plants are 12 to 18 inches tall and the leaves are tender. Flower Buds: Harvest before the flower buds open fully. If some flowers have started to open, it’s still edible but may have a stronger flavour. Harvesting Process

Check the Plant: Look for plants that have dark green leaves and small, tight flower buds. Ensure the stems are tender and not too thick or woody.

Cutting the Stems: Use a sharp knife or garden shears. Cut the stems about 5 inches above the ground. Aim to harvest the main stem and the side shoots. Be careful not to damage the central growing point if you want to encourage a second crop. Selective Harvesting:

For a continuous harvest, pick the larger stems first and allow the smaller shoots to grow. Regularly check the plants and harvest as needed. Post-Harvest Care Cleaning: Rinse the harvested stems and leaves under cool water to remove any soil or pests. Storage: Store the cleaned broccoli rabe in a plastic bag in the refrigerator. It can last up to a week when stored properly. Additional Tips Succession Planting: To extend your harvest season, plant broccoli rabe in succession every 2 to 3 weeks. Cool Weather: Harvesting in the morning when temperatures are cooler can help maintain the vegetable’s crispness and flavour.