The catnip plant (Nepeta cataria) is a perennial herb in the mint family known for its distinctive fragrance and its famous effect on many cats. It typically grows 2–3 feet tall and features soft, heart-shaped leaves with serrated edges and fine hairs. In summer, it produces clusters of small white or pale lavender flowers dotted with purple spots. Catnip contains an essential oil called nepetalactone, which triggers a temporary behavioral response in cats—rolling, rubbing, purring, and playful excitement—though not all cats are sensitive to it. For humans, catnip has a long history in herbal remedies and teas, traditionally used for mild relaxation and digestive support. Adaptable and easy to grow, catnip thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, making it popular in herb gardens. However, gardeners often protect it from overly enthusiastic feline visitors who may crush the plant in their excitement.
Growing catnip (Nepeta cataria) is easy and rewarding. Here’s a simple guide:
Choose the Right Location Sunlight: Catnip thrives in full sun (6+ hours of sunlight). Soil: Prefers well-drained soil but tolerates poor or rocky soil. Space: It can spread quickly, so give it room or grow it in containers.
Planting From Seeds: Start seeds indoors 6–8 weeks before the last frost, or sow directly outdoors in spring. Lightly cover seeds with soil—catnip needs some light to germinate. Germination takes 1–3 weeks. From Transplants: Plant seedlings outdoors after frost danger has passed.
Watering Water regularly until the plant is established. Once mature, catnip is drought-tolerant; water only when soil is dry.
Care & Maintenance Pruning: Cut back stems after flowering to encourage new growth and prevent legginess. Deadhead spent flowers to avoid excessive self-seeding. Containment: Catnip can spread aggressively, so consider pots or raised beds. Protection from Cats: Some cats may roll on or crush young plants. Use a small cage or fencing until it’s sturdy.
Timing Best time of year: Mid to late summer, once the plant is mature. Best time of day: Early morning after the dew has dried. For strongest scent: Harvest right before the plant flowers or when buds first appear—this is when nepetalactone (the active oil cats love) is highest.
Tools You’ll Need Sharp scissors or pruning shears A clean basket or tray Optional: gloves (catnip is slightly fuzzy and may irritate sensitive skin)
How to Cut the Plant Snip 4–6 inch stem tips or cut entire branches about 2/3 of the way down the plant. Leave at least 1/3 of the plant so it can regrow. Avoid cutting tough, older woody stems—young growth is more potent.
Preparing the Harvest Shake the stems gently outdoors to remove dust or insects. Remove any damaged or yellow leaves.
Drying the Catnip (Optional but recommended) Drying concentrates the oils and makes it last longer. Air Drying: Bundle 6–12 stems with string. Hang upside down in a dark, warm, well-ventilated room for 1–2 weeks. Or spread leaves on a screen or rack. Dehydrator: Place leaves in a single layer on trays. Dry on the lowest heat setting until crisp.
Storing Once dry, strip leaves and flowers from stems. Store in airtight containers away from light and heat. For maximum potency, use within 6–12 months.
Using Fresh Catnip You can give fresh sprigs to cats or use leaves in teas or herbal blends. Fresh catnip is milder than dried.
